|
发信人: flurry (Knock out 0), 信区: Singapore
标 题: 新加坡基本统计数据2008
发信站: BBS 未名空间站 (Sun Jul 20 12:32:57 2008), 转信
https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/sn.html
Introduction Singapore
Background: Singapore was founded as a British trading colony in 1819.
It joined the Malaysian Federation in 1963 but separated two years later
and became independent. Singapore subsequently became one of the
world's most prosperous countries with strong international trading
links (its port is one of the world's busiest in terms of tonnage
handled) and with per capita GDP equal to that of the leading nations of
Western Europe.
Geography Singapore
Location: Southeastern Asia, islands between Malaysia and Indonesia
Geographic coordinates: 1 22 N, 103 48 E
Map references: Southeast Asia
Area: total: 692.7 sq km
land: 682.7 sq km
water: 10 sq km
Area - comparative: slightly more than 3.5 times the size of Washington,
DC
Land boundaries: 0 km
Coastline: 193 km
Maritime claims: territorial sea: 3 nm
exclusive fishing zone: within and beyond territorial sea, as defined in
treaties and practice
Climate: tropical; hot, humid, rainy; two distinct monsoon seasons -
Northeastern monsoon (December to March) and Southwestern monsoon
(June to September); inter-monsoon - frequent afternoon and early
evening thunderstorms
Terrain: lowland; gently undulating central plateau contains water
catchment area and nature preserve
Elevation extremes: lowest point: Singapore Strait 0 m
highest point: Bukit Timah 166 m
Natural resources: fish, deepwater ports
Land use: arable land: 1.47%
permanent crops: 1.47%
other: 97.06% (2005)
Irrigated land: NA
Total renewable water resources: 0.6 cu km (1975)
Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural): total: 0.19 cu
km/yr (45%/51%/4%)
per capita: 44 cu m/yr (1975)
Natural hazards: NA
Environment - current issues: industrial pollution; limited natural
fresh water resources; limited land availability presents waste disposal
problems; seasonal smoke/haze resulting from forest fires in Indonesia
Environment - international agreements: party to: Biodiversity,
Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification,
Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer
Protection, Ship Pollution
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Geography - note: focal point for Southeast Asian sea routes
People Singapore
Population: 4,608,167 (July 2008 est.)
Age structure: 0-14 years: 14.8% (male 353,333/female 329,005)
15-64 years: 76.5% (male 1,717,357/female 1,809,462)
65 years and over: 8.7% (male 177,378/female 221,632) (2008 est.)
Median age: total: 38.4 years
male: 38 years
female: 38.8 years (2008 est.)
Population growth rate: 1.135% (2008 est.)
Birth rate: 8.99 births/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Death rate: 4.53 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Net migration rate: 6.88 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Sex ratio: at birth: 1.08 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.07 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 0.95 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.8 male(s)/female
total population: 0.95 male(s)/female (2008 est.)
Infant mortality rate: total: 2.3 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 2.51 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 2.08 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)
Life expectancy at birth: total population: 81.89 years
male: 79.29 years
female: 84.68 years (2008 est.)
Total fertility rate: 1.08 children born/woman (2008 est.)
HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate: 0.2% (2003 est.)
HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS: 4,100 (2003 est.)
HIV/AIDS - deaths: fewer than 200 (2003 est.)
Nationality: noun: Singaporean(s)
adjective: Singapore
Ethnic groups: Chinese 76.8%, Malay 13.9%, Indian 7.9%, other 1.4% (2000
census)
Religions: Buddhist 42.5%, Muslim 14.9%, Taoist 8.5%, Hindu 4%, Catholic
4.8%, other Christian 9.8%, other 0.7%, none 14.8% (2000 census)
Languages: Mandarin 35%, English 23%, Malay 14.1%, Hokkien 11.4%,
Cantonese 5.7%, Teochew 4.9%, Tamil 3.2%, other Chinese dialects 1.8%,
other 0.9% (2000 census)
Literacy: definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 92.5%
male: 96.6%
female: 88.6% (2000 census)
Government Singapore
Country name: conventional long form: Republic of Singapore
conventional short form: Singapore
local long form: Republic of Singapore
local short form: Singapore
Government type: parliamentary republic
Capital: name: Singapore
geographic coordinates: 1 17 N, 103 51 E
time difference: UTC+8 (13 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard
Time)
Administrative divisions: none
Independence: 9 August 1965 (from Malaysian Federation)
National holiday: National Day, 9 August (1965)
Constitution: 3 June 1959; amended 1965 (based on preindependence
State of Singapore Constitution)
Legal system: based on English common law; has not accepted compulsory
ICJ jurisdiction
Suffrage: 21 years of age; universal and compulsory
Executive branch: chief of state: President S R NATHAN (since 1
September 1999)
note: uses S R NATHAN but his full name and the one used in formal
communications is Sellapan RAMANATHAN
head of government: Prime Minister LEE Hsien Loong (since 12 August
2004); Senior Minister GOH Chok Tong (since 12 August 2004); Minister
Mentor LEE Kuan Yew (since 12 August 2004); Deputy Prime Ministers
Shunmugam JAYAKUMAR (since 12 August 2004) and WONG Kan Seng (since 1
September 2005)
cabinet: appointed by president, responsible to parliament
elections: president elected by popular vote for six-year term;
appointed on 17 August 2005 (next election to be held by August 2011);
following legislative elections, leader of majority party or leader of
majority coalition is usually appointed prime minister by president;
deputy prime ministers appointed by president
election results: Sellapan Rama (S R) NATHAN appointed president in
August 2005 after Presidential Elections Committee disqualified three
other would-be candidates; scheduled election not held
Legislative branch: unicameral Parliament (84 seats; members elected
by popular vote to serve five-year terms); note - in addition, there are
up to nine nominated members; up to three losing opposition
candidates who came closest to winning seats may be appointed as
"nonconstituency" members
elections: last held on 6 May 2006 (next to be held by 2011)
election results: percent of vote by party - PAP 66.6%, WP 16.3%, SDA
13%, SDP 4.1%; seats by party - PAP 82, WP 1, SDA 1
Judicial branch: Supreme Court (chief justice is appointed by the
president with the advice of the prime minister, other judges are
appointed by the president with the advice of the chief justice);
Court of Appeals
Political parties and leaders: People's Action Party or PAP [LEE Hsien
Loong]; Singapore Democratic Alliance or SDA [CHIAM See Tong]; Singapore
Democratic Party or SDP [CHEE Soon Juan]; Workers' Party or WP
[Sylvia LIM Swee Lian]
note: SDA includes Singapore Justice Party or SJP, Singapore National
Malay Organization or PKMS, Singapore People's Party or SPP
Political pressure groups and leaders: NA
International organization participation: ADB, APEC, APT, ARF, ASEAN,
BIS, C, CP, EAS, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICRM, IDA, IFC, IFRCS,
IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC,
MIGA, NAM, OPCW, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNMIT, UPU, WCL, WCO, WHO,
WIPO, WMO, WTO
Diplomatic representation in the US: chief of mission: Ambassador CHAN
Heng Chee
chancery: 3501 International Place NW, Washington, DC 20008
telephone: [1] (202) 537-3100
FAX: [1] (202) 537-0876
consulate(s) general: San Francisco
consulate(s): New York
Diplomatic representation from the US: chief of mission: Ambassador
Patricia L. HERBOLD
embassy: 27 Napier Road, Singapore 258508
mailing address: FPO AP 96507-0001
telephone: [65] 6476-9100
FAX: [65] 6476-9340
Flag description: two equal horizontal bands of red (top) and white;
near the hoist side of the red band, there is a vertical, white crescent
(closed portion is toward the hoist side) partially enclosing five
white five-pointed stars arranged in a circle
Economy Singapore
Economy - overview: Singapore has a highly developed and successful
free-market economy. It enjoys a remarkably open and corruption-free
environment, stable prices, and a per capita GDP equal to that of the
four largest West European countries. The economy depends heavily on
exports, particularly in consumer electronics and information technology
products. It was hard hit from 2001-03 by the global recession, by
the slump in the technology sector, and by an outbreak of Severe Acute
Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) in 2003, which curbed tourism and consumer
spending. Fiscal stimulus, low interest rates, a surge in exports, and
internal flexibility led to vigorous growth in 2004-07 with real GDP
growth averaging 7% annually. The government hopes to establish a new
growth path that will be less vulnerable to the global demand cycle
for information technology products - it has attracted major investments
in pharmaceuticals and medical technology production - and will
continue efforts to establish Singapore as Southeast Asia's financial
and high-tech hub.
GDP (purchasing power parity): $228.1 billion (2007 est.)
GDP (official exchange rate): $161.3 billion (2007 est.)
GDP - real growth rate: 7.7% (2007 est.)
GDP - per capita (PPP): $49,700 (2007 est.)
GDP - composition by sector: agriculture: 0%
industry: 31.2%
services: 68.8% (2007 est.)
Labor force: 2.751 million (2007 est.)
Labor force - by occupation: manufacturing 21%, construction 5%,
transportation and communication 7%, financial, business, and other
services 42%, other 25% (2006)
Unemployment rate: 2.1% (2007 est.)
Population below poverty line: NA%
Household income or consumption by percentage share: lowest 10%: 1.9%
highest 10%: 32.8% (1998)
Distribution of family income - Gini index: 52.2 (2005)
Inflation rate (consumer prices): 2.1% (2007)
Investment (gross fixed): 24.9% of GDP (2007 est.)
Budget: revenues: $27 billion
expenditures: $21.5 billion (2007 est.)
Public debt: 101.2% of GDP (2007 est.)
Agriculture - products: rubber, copra, fruit, orchids, vegetables;
poultry, eggs; fish, ornamental fish
Industries: electronics, chemicals, financial services, oil drilling
equipment, petroleum refining, rubber processing and rubber products,
processed food and beverages, ship repair, offshore platform
construction, life sciences, entrepot trade
Industrial production growth rate: 7.4% (2007 est.)
Electricity - production: 39.44 billion kWh (2006)
Electricity - production by source: fossil fuel: 100%
hydro: 0%
nuclear: 0%
other: 0% (2001)
Electricity - consumption: 35.92 billion kWh (2006)
Electricity - exports: 0 kWh (2006)
Electricity - imports: 0 kWh (2006)
Oil - production: 9,836 bbl/day (2005 est.)
Oil - consumption: 802,000 bbl/day (2005 est.)
Oil - exports: 1.073 million bbl/day (2004)
Oil - imports: 1.83 million bbl/day (2004)
Oil - proved reserves: 0 bbl (1 January 2006 est.)
Natural gas - production: 0 cu m (2006 est.)
Natural gas - consumption: 6.8 billion cu m (2006 est.)
Natural gas - exports: 0 cu m (2006 est.)
Natural gas - imports: 6.339 billion cu m
note: from Indonesia and Malaysia (2005)
Natural gas - proved reserves: 0 cu m (1 January 2006 est.)
Current account balance: $39.16 billion (2007 est.)
Exports: $450.6 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)
Exports - commodities: machinery and equipment (including electronics),
consumer goods, chemicals, mineral fuels
Exports - partners: Malaysia 13.1%, US 10.2%, Hong Kong 10.1%, China 9.
7%, Indonesia 9.2%, Japan 5.5%, Thailand 4.2% (2006)
Imports: $396 billion (2007 est.)
Imports - commodities: machinery and equipment, mineral fuels,
chemicals, foodstuffs
Imports - partners: Malaysia 13%, US 12.7%, China 11.4%, Japan 8.3%,
Taiwan 6.4%, Indonesia 6.2%, South Korea 4.4% (2006)
Economic aid - recipient: $0 (2007)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: $163 billion (31 December 2007
est.)
Debt - external: $25.59 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
Stock of direct foreign investment - at home: $214.5 billion (2007 est.)
Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad: $111.2 billion (2005)
Market value of publicly traded shares: $382.4 billion (2007)
Currency (code): Singapore dollar (SGD)
Currency code: SGD
Exchange rates: Singapore dollars per US dollar - 1.507 (2007), 1.5889
(2006), 1.6644 (2005), 1.6902 (2004), 1.7422 (2003)
Fiscal year: 1 April - 31 March
Communications Singapore
Telephones - main lines in use: 1.854 million (2006)
Telephones - mobile cellular: 4.789 million (2006)
Telephone system: general assessment: excellent service
domestic: excellent domestic facilities; launched 3G wireless service in
February 2005; combined fixed-line and mobile-cellular teledensity is
about 150 telephones per 100 persons
international: country code - 65; numerous submarine cables provide
links throughout Asia, Australia, the Middle East, Europe, and US;
satellite earth stations -4; supplemented by VSAT coverage (2003)
Radio broadcast stations: AM 0, FM 17, shortwave 2 (2003)
Radios: 2.6 million (2000)
Television broadcast stations: 1 (broadcasting on six channels);
additional reception of numerous UHF and VHF signals originating in
Malaysia and Indonesia (2006)
Televisions: 1.33 million (1997)
Internet country code: .sg
Internet hosts: 954,475 (2007)
Internet Service Providers (ISPs): 9 (2000)
Internet users: 1.717 million (2006)
Transportation Singapore
Airports: 8 (2007)
Airports - with paved runways: total: 8
over 3,047 m: 2
2,438 to 3,047 m: 1
1,524 to 2,437 m: 4
914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2007)
Pipelines: gas 139 km; refined products 8 km (2007)
Roadways: total: 3,262 km
paved: 3,262 km (includes 150 km of expressways) (2006)
Merchant marine: total: 1,131 ships (1000 GRT or over) 33,237,005
GRT/52,487,127 DWT
by type: bulk carrier 167, cargo 85, carrier 1, chemical tanker 156,
container 231, liquefied gas 72, livestock carrier 2, petroleum tanker
355, refrigerated cargo 6, roll on/roll off 3, specialized tanker 7,
vehicle carrier 46
foreign-owned: 652 (Australia 6, Bangladesh 2, Belgium 8, China 19,
Denmark 68, France 1, Germany 18, Greece 14, Hong Kong 37, India 9,
Indonesia 56, Italy 4, Japan 108, South Korea 7, Malaysia 28, Norway
125, Philippines 4, Slovenia 1, Sweden 17, Switzerland 2, Taiwan 60,
Thailand 20, UAE 8, UK 13, US 17)
registered in other countries: 293 (Bahamas 9, Belize 3, Bermuda 1,
Bolivia 1, Cambodia 2, Cayman Islands 10, Cyprus 1, Dominica 8, France
2, Honduras 10, Hong Kong 11, Indonesia 26, Isle of Man 2, Kiribati 1,
Liberia 42, Malaysia 22, Marshall Islands 12, Mongolia 12, Nigeria 1,
Norway 1, Panama 83, Philippines 1, St Vincent and The Grenadines 6,
Thailand 2, Tuvalu 13, US 11, unknown 4) (2007)
Ports and terminals: Singapore
Military Singapore
Military branches: Singapore Armed Forces: Army, Navy, Air Force
(includes Air Defense) (2008)
Military service age and obligation: 18-21 years of age for male
compulsory military service; 16 years of age for volunteers; 2-year
conscript service obligation, with a reserve obligation to age 40
(enlisted) or age 50 (officers) (2008)
Manpower available for military service: males age 16-49: 1,277,862
(2008 est.)
Manpower fit for military service: males age 16-49: 1,038,603 (2008
est.)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP: 4.9% (2005 est.)
Transnational Issues Singapore
Disputes - international: disputes persist with Malaysia over deliveries
of fresh water to Singapore, Singapore's extensive land reclamation
works, bridge construction, and maritime boundaries in the Johor and
Singapore Straits; in November 2007, the ICJ will hold public hearings
as a consequence of the Memorials and Countermemorials filed by the
parties in 2003 and 2005 over sovereignty of Pedra Branca Island/Pulau
Batu Puteh, Middle Rocks and South Ledge; Indonesia and Singapore
continue to work on finalization of their 1973 maritime boundary
agreement by defining unresolved areas north of Indonesia's Batam
Island; piracy remains a problem in the Malacca Strait
Illicit drugs: drug abuse limited because of aggressive law
enforcement efforts; as a transportation and financial services hub,
Singapore is vulnerable, despite strict laws and enforcement, as a venue
for money laundering
This page was last updated on 15 July, 2008
--
晨钟暮鼓，春华秋实。
※ 来源:·BBS 未名空间站 海外: mitbbs.com 中国: mitbbs.cn·[FROM: 76.118.]
|
